At the end of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, many Armenians settled on the Balkan Peninsula, including Moldova, as a result of relocations enforced by the Byzantine empire. The flow of Armenians to Moldova continued in later years but became more popular towards the 1060s. 

After the formation of the Moldovan government in 1359, the Armenian position in the country was strengthened and Armenian centers were established. According to a 1401 decree, a separate Armenian diocese was established in the capital of Moldova, Suceava. The history of the formation of the Armenian community dates back to mainly to the 14th century. Moldova's main trade route was even called the "Armenian Road.” 

The Armenian community of Moldova had an active socio-cultural life. For 285 years, from 1401 to 1686, religious leaders operated in Suceava and Yassi.

There are currently three Armenian churches in Moldova: St Astvatsatsin and St. Harutyun churches in Kishinev, and St. Gregory the Illuminator Church in Belz. Well-known Armenian Manuk Mirzoyan (better known as Manuk Bey) lived in Hunchesch, Moldova. His homes are still standing, and are preserved by the state because of their historical and cultural significance. After a 2017 renovation, the Manuk Bey’s house-museum opened in Hunchesch.

According to unofficial data, at present, there are about 7,000 to 10,000 Armenians living in Moldova, mainly in Chisinau, Beltz, Hnchest, Nor Anen, Kamrat, Ungen, Bender and Grigoriupol. There is an Ani Center for Armenian Culture in Kishinev and Renaissance Armenian Charity in Grigoriupol.

In 2000, the Armenian Diaspora organization of the Republic of Moldova was founded. In 2009, St. Chisinau St. the Mesrop Mashtots Armenian Sunday School and the Armenia Cultural Center were opened adjacent to the Church of the Holy Mother of God.

The Armenian Community Organization, the Armenian Youth Organization of Moldova, and the Tatevik Armenian Women's Association are also active.