The Armenian community of Tajikistan was formed in the second half of the 19th century when Armenians from Kazakhstan, Nakhchivan, Zangezur, and Iran settled in Dushanbe and bordering cities in Afghanistan.

The first immigrants were mainly craftsmen, merchants, and physicians. By the late 19th century Armenian businessmen and industrialists owned a significant portion of the production and extraction of cotton, oil, and electricity. They held a monopoly in commerce.

According to a census conducted in 1989, there were 5000-7000 Armenians in Tajikistan. However, due to the crisis that occurred after the collapse of the USSR and the civil war that was taking place in the country, Armenians began to emigrate. The unstable political situation and anti-Armenian sentiments during the street riots in Dushanbe in the 1990s contributed to the emigration. 
 

By the year 2000, there were only 995 Armenians left in the country, who mostly lived in Chkalovsk, Kugan-Tube, Khojent, and Dushanbe.

According to official data, today there are around 3000 Armenians in Tajikistan, while according to unofficial data, obtained from the Armenian community the number of Armenians is around 1000-1500.  

The language of communication is Russian. Only 57.6% of Armenians are fluent in their native language, while 14.8% are fluent in Tajik.

There is currently one Armenian cultural union in the country, called the Mesrop Mashtots Armenian Community formed in Dushanbe in 1989. The Armenian community was founded and supervised by Telman Gurgen Voskanyan for 20 years. In 1958-1959, he was granted the title of Tajikistan boxing champion and later the title of the honored coach of Soviet Tajikistan.

Thanks to the efforts of the Mesrop Mashtots Armenian Cultural Center in Tajikistan, an Armenian day school and dance ensemble were founded in 2009, where students can learn both Armenian and Tajik folk dances.