According to some sources, Armenians settled in Belgium in the Middle Ages, but Armenian communities were formed primarily as a result of the Armenian Genocide from 1915 to 1923, and in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR. 

At present, the number of Armenians in the country is estimated at 25,000, most of whom are immigrants from Armenia.

The largest Armenian communities are in Brussels and Antwerp. There are a relatively large number of Armenians living in Mechelen, Cortric, and Liège, while others are spread throughout the country’s 138 towns. There are Sunday schools, media outlets, cultural groups, and other organizations throughout the country.

The Armenian Apostolic and Evangelical Churches operate in Belgium. On May 7th, 1990, the Armenian Apostolic Church of St. Mary Magdalene, the first Armenian spiritual structure of Belgium, was opened and consecrated in Brussels. Regular worships are held in Antwerp, Liège, and Mechelen, and non-regular services are held in a number of other cities.

The Armenian Evangelical Church was founded in 1991 in Brussels and has about 500 followers. Religious services are regularly held in Antwerp, Hasselt, and Liège. 

There is also a small Catholic community in Belgium, however, there is no Catholic Church.

Founded in 1922, the Belgian Committee of Armenians is the oldest Armenian organization in Belgium, initially under the name "Belgian-Armenian Diaspora Organization", but later renamed to the "Committee of Armenians of Belgium".

Armenians in Belgium are mainly involved in careers of commerce, construction, and services. There are a number of small and medium-sized businesses, lawyers, musicians, literary critics, artists, and sports professionals in the country.

The Senate of the Kingdom of Belgium adopted a resolution recognizing the Armenian Genocide in 1998.

The Armenian community in Belgium does not have a special legal status.