According to some sources, a small number of Armenian communities began to form in Spain during the 18th century in Cadiz, and later after the Armenian Genocide and the First World War, in Madrid.

Today, the Armenian community in Spain is the third-largest in Western Europe with an estimated population of 40,000-50,000 people. The majority of Armenians in Spain arrived from Armenia in the 1990s and 2000s and mainly settled in the regions of Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia. 

With close to 20,000 Armenians, Barcelona has the largest concentration of Armenian landmarks in the country. In 2013, a khachkar was erected high up in Montjuïc Park in honor of the friendship between Armenia and Catalonia. There are also khachkars constructed in other cities including in the gardens of the Good Shepherd Cathedral of San Sebastián (“Donostia” in Basque), in Malaga, Alicante, and Valencia.

Dozens of Armenian organizations, including media outlets and Sunday schools operate in Spain. There are many Armenians with careers in agriculture, construction, and commerce. 

The Casa Armenia was founded in 2010 by the Armenian Cultural Association of Barcelona (ACAB) and the AGBU to host cultural events. Armenian mass is held in a Catalan church in the city center. 

The Armenian Apostolic Church in Spain has its own clergy, but Armenians do not have a church property. Currently, religious services are conducted by renting Catholic churches. 

In 2009, an agreement was reached with the local ecclesiastical authorities of the city of Calonge, near Barcelona, ​​to rent a chapel for 30 years, to serve as the Armenian Apostolic Church. The first ceremony was held in the church in the same year, but the church is currently closed.

In about 30 Spanish cities, city councils have passed resolutions recognizing and condemning the Armenian Genocide.